A full-term or normal pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks and is divided into three trimesters. It is calculated from the first day of your last period and is divided into three trimesters. Each trimester lasts about three months or between 12 to 14 weeks. During each trimester, pregnant women can expect many physiological changes. Being aware of it helps to prepare for these changes. Pregnant women become anxious, and knowing these changes in advance can help them feel better. Continue reading to learn the physical changes to expect in each trimester.
The date of pregnancy starts on the first day of your last menstrual period. The conception happens in the second week. The first trimester of pregnancy lasts from the first and continues through the 12th week. You may not appear pregnant during the first three months, but as the body accommodates the growing baby, it undergoes many changes. Some of them are physical, which are as follows:
Swollen or tender breast: Soreness or tenderness in breasts happens even before you are pregnant due to hormonal changes. The breasts appear fuller or look different.
Frequent urination: The kidney processes more fluids during pregnancy, so there is an urge to urinate more than normal.
Nausea: Vomiting during pregnancy is common and is called morning sickness. It typically begins in the first month of pregnancy and happens because of the increasing hormone levels in the body.
Heartburn: The valves between the oesophagus and the stomach relax in early pregnancy, causing stomach acid and heartburn. Another reason for heartburn is that food stays longer in the stomach to provide time for the body to absorb nutrients.
Exhaustion: Progesterone is produced at higher levels during pregnancy, leading to fatigue and you may want to sleep or rest more.
Constipation: During early pregnancy, high progesterone levels slow the food movement through the digestive tract, which may cause constipation.
Feeling dizzy: Progesterone relaxes the blood vessels, making a pregnant woman feel lightheaded and dizzy. Stress, hunger or weakness can also cause this symptom.
Visible veins: Spider veins may develop on the arms, face or neck as the heart pumps more blood to accommodate the growing baby.
Food changes: Pregnant women may have food aversions and cravings. So, it is important to eat a balanced and healthy diet to meet the demands of pregnancy.
Skin changes: Enhanced blood circulation makes the skin shiny, which is called a pregnancy glow. On the contrary, pregnancy hormones can also cause hyperpigmentation, skin acne and more.
Vaginal changes: The vaginal lining becomes less sensitive and thick. Mild spotting (vaginal bleeding) is normal. Call your doctor if the bleeding is severe or there is cramping.
The second trimester is between 13 and 27 weeks and is the best phase of pregnancy as it is the most comfortable period. Most of the early symptoms of pregnancy disappear and you feel more energetic during the day and enjoy good sleep at night. Your abdomen will start showing as the uterus grows in size, and if you want to, you can spread the good news to your friends and family. Here are some of the physical changes you see in the second trimester:
Growing breasts and belly: The breast changes appearance and looks fuller because of fat deposits and enlarging milk glands. The uterus expands to give space to the growing baby, and the belly grows.
Back pain: The growing belly and breasts add stress to the back. The hormones that hold the bones and relax the ligaments relax and result in pain in the pelvis and hips.
Stomach pain: The ligaments and muscles that support the uterus stretch, leading to mild cramping or stomach pain.
Braxton hicks contractions: These are irregular and mild contractions that go away in a few minutes. This can trigger after physical activities and occur at any time and for various reasons. If they become painful or regular, contact your doctor, as it may be a sign of preterm labour.
Skin changes: During pregnancy, hormonal changes stimulate more melanin production and cause Melasma (skin darkening). Stretch marks on the thighs, abdomen, breasts and buttocks begin to appear. Itchy and dry skin on the belly are common changes.
Bleeding gums: This is a common symptom during the second trimester and happens as the growing fetus induces more blood flow in the expectant mother’s body. Research suggests that periodontal disease during pregnancy may increase the risk of preterm labour or low birth weight. However, maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups can help manage this risk.
Vaginal discharge: A white, sticky or clear vaginal discharge is common. If it is of unusual colour, bloody, foul smelling or causes soreness or itchiness in the vaginal area, consult your doctor.
Leg cramps: As pregnancy progresses, leg cramps are typical, especially during sleep.
Urinary tract infections: This is also common during pregnancy and, if left untreated, can cause complications.
Varicose veins: As more blood circulates and the heart pumps blood faster, veins on the arms, neck, legs, and face are common.
Along with the above, heartburn, constipation, and frequent urination continue.
The third trimester starts from week 28 and lasts until childbirth. During this period, you will see the following physical changes.
Shortness of breath: This is a common experience among women in late pregnancy, caused by the growing uterus pushing against the diaphragm. Call the doctor immediately if you experience severe shortness of breath or chest pain.
Swelling: This happens due to fluid retention and excessive weight. It may also be a symptom of a severe complication when it is painful or uneven or when the leg feels warm. The swelling may press the nerves and cause numbness or a tingling sensation.
Back and stomach pain: The growing belly stresses the back, and as the pregnancy hormones relax the ligaments in the body, it results in stomach, pelvis and hip pain. Hormonal changes also cause pressure and pain in the breasts.
Sleeping troubles: Aches, pains, restless legs, and anxiety can make sleeping difficult.
Haemorrhoids: They go away after pregnancy, but if you have constipation or lead a sedentary lifestyle, it can get worse.
Some issues like heartburn, constipation, leg cramps, varicose veins and frequent urination continue to persist in all trimesters of the pregnancy chart, with the third trimester being no exception.
Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum care are unlike anything else you have experienced in life. They are filled with new emotions, new experiences and uncertainties. Regular prenatal care during each trimester ensures you and the baby are healthy. Consult a doctor for guidance and support to deliver a healthy baby.
