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Mastitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

August 21, 2025

Mastitis is a painful yet common breast infection that often catches lactating women off guard, disrupting what is otherwise expected to be a joyful and intimate bonding experience with their newborn. Though mostly treatable, mastitis can rapidly become more severe if not treated promptly. Knowledge of the causes, mastitis signs, and treatment will help in avoiding complications and speeding up healing.

What is Mastitis?

Mastitis is breast tissue inflammation, which is usually caused by infection or a milk duct obstruction. It's most prevalent in breastfeeding women (lactational mastitis), but it will sometimes occur in women who are not breastfeeding.

Lactational mastitis occurs in the initial weeks following childbirth, but could occur at any time within the process of breastfeeding. Non-lactational mastitis is not as common but is more likely among women with preexisting breast issues or who smoke.

Prompt treatment and diagnosis are necessary to avert complications and make it possible for continued comfort during breastfeeding.

Mastitis Symptoms

Early detection of mastitis signs is important to enable timely intervention. Typical symptoms are:

  • Painful, swollen, or red patch on the breast
  • Heat and softening over the area involved
  • Fever or chills, sometimes with flu-like illness
  • A hard mass or firm area in the breast

These symptoms can develop suddenly and become severe within a matter of hours. If you're breastfeeding and experience these symptoms, they should be taken seriously, and medical advice should be sought if they continue.

Signs of Mastitis to Watch For

Initial signs of mastitis can be subtle, including a little tenderness or redness in the breast. But once the condition advances, it can cause more serious symptoms like severe fever, discharge of pus, or a formed abscess.

You must see a doctor if:

  • Symptoms persist for over 24 hours
  • You have a fever greater than 101°F (38.3°C)
  • You experience growing pain or pus discharge from the nipple
  • Painful lump persists even after repeated breastfeeding or pumping

Early treatment can avoid complications like breast abscess, which might need surgery.

Types of Mastitis

There are a number of types of mastitis with varying causes and treatments:

  • Lactational Mastitis: Most prevalent, occurring in breastfeeding women due to milk stasis or bacterial entry through cracked nipples.
  • Non-Lactational Mastitis: Seen in non-breastfeeding persons, frequently associated with chronic diseases or smoking.
  • Infectious Mastitis: Due to bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, which may need antibiotics.
  • Inflammatory Mastitis: Due to milk accumulation and immune reaction, not infection.
  • Subareolar Mastitis: Inflammation close to the nipple, usually recurrent and harder to cure.

Knowing the right type guides the optimal treatment strategy.

Also Read: Breast Cancer Awareness : Tips and All You Need To Know

Causes and Risk Factors

Mastitis usually arises from a mix of physical and bacterial causes. Typical causes and risk factors include:

  • Blocked milk ducts, causing milk accumulation
  • Bacterial infection from the baby's mouth or an external source
  • Cracked or sore nipples, through which bacteria gain access
  • Incomplete drainage of milk because of improper latch or missed feedings
  • Tight bras or pressure on the breast compressing the milk

Decreasing these risk factors significantly reduces the likelihood of mastitis.

Diagnosis of Mastitis

A healthcare professional usually diagnoses mastitis by:

  • Physical examination of the breast
  • Ultrasound, particularly if an abscess is suspected
  • Milk or skin cultures, especially in recurrent cases

A clear diagnosis will guarantee that the right treatment is initiated promptly.

Also Read: Recovering From Breast Reconstruction Surgery

Mastitis Treatment Options

Medical Treatment

  • Antibiotics: Oral antibiotics for minor infections; IV antibiotics may be necessary for serious cases or abscesses.
  • Pain relievers: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen, over-the-counter medications, relieve discomfort and fever.

Breastfeeding Tips

  • Keep breastfeeding or pumping: It is safe and will clear the blockage.
  • Make sure there is a secure latch and breastfeeding position to prevent future problems.
  • Begin at the involved breast to promote adequate drainage.

 Book an online appointment with Dr. Anjali Gupta for Pregnancy & Gynecology related issues.

HomeCare

  • Warm compresses prior to feeding to facilitate milk flow
  • Breast massage to aid in clearing obstructions
  • Adequate rest and hydration, as your body recovers

With good care, most women feel much better in 24–48 hours.

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor if you notice:

  • Chronic mastitis symptoms may persist after 24–48 hours
  • High fever, intense pain, or noticeable pus
  • Repeated episodes of mastitis may indicate that something is not right

Don't wait to call for help—early treatment often equals faster recoveryand less disruption to breastfeeding.

What Sets Cloudnine Apart?

At Cloudnine Hospitals, werecognise that mastitis can be physically painful and emotionally overwhelming,particularly for new mothers. What distinguishes us is our complete, caringapproach to women's health. Our skilled gynaecologists, lactation specialists,and paediatricians collaborate to offer individualised care based on eachmother's unique requirements.

From precise diagnosis and successful treatment of all mastitis types topractical breastfeeding guidance, we keep you from ever feeling isolated. Withaccess to sophisticated diagnostics, evidence-based treatment, and ongoingemotional support, Cloudnine is your trusted partner in managing mastitis symptoms, encouraging healing,and regaining breastfeeding comfort with confidence.

Final Thoughts

Mastitis is a painful anddistressing condition, but with early treatment, the majority of cases settlerapidly. Identification of mastitissigns, knowledge of types of mastitis, and response to early mastitissymptoms prevent complications and enable you to continue breastfeedingcomfortably.

If you have any symptoms,don't delay, contact a medical professional. Treating your breast health is notonly important to your comfort but to your overall health and your baby'snutrition as well.

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