During pregnancy, the unborn child grows within a protective sac of amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid cushion protects the baby, aids in the development of the lungs and digestive system, helps maintain a stable temperature and provides free movement for proper bone and muscle growth.
When the level of this fluid is too low, the condition is oligohydramnios or low amniotic fluid. Although the precise level of what constitutes normal can change, physicians typically view it as low if ultrasound examinations demonstrate a decreased fluid index relative to anticipated standards. It is crucial to detect this condition early because amniotic fluid is so important to the baby's development and well-being.
This comprehensive guide is a detailed capsule on low amniotic fluid signs, treatment and management options and concerning signs you should immediately visit a doctor.
Recognising the early signs of low amniotic fluid will enable you to receive early medical intervention. Below are the most common low amniotic fluid signs to observe:
Among the initial symptoms of low amniotic fluid, most women experience less movement of the baby. Because amniotic fluid supports and protects the baby, low levels restrict them from moving about easily. Should you notice a sudden reduction in kicks, rolls or turns, report it to your doctor instantly.
During regular checkups, physicians check the size of your belly (fundal height). When the measurement is less than what's normal for your pregnancy stage, it could signal symptoms of low amniotic fluid. This happens because the amount of fluid influences the shape and size of the uterus directly.
At other times, oligohydramnios symptoms appear as a steady trickle of clear fluid from the vagina. This might indicate that the amniotic sac has broken and is leaking. Small leaks are never to be taken lightly, even if they reduce the protective cushioning around the baby.
Sometimes, low amniotic fluid symptoms are detected only when you have your ultrasound scans. Doctors may detect reduced fluid pockets or abnormal AFI readings. Regular pregnancy scans are therefore necessary, even if you're feeling okay.
Certain women experience odd symptoms like belly pain, reduced belly tightness or the feeling that the bump is "not growing." These might be due to other reasons, but in some cases, they can indicate less amniotic fluid.
Knowing the causes for low amniotic fluid facilitates prevention and treatment. Some of the most prevalent oligohydramnios causes include:
If the placenta is not providing sufficient oxygen or nutrients, less urine may be produced by the baby, resulting in decreased fluid levels. Because amniotic fluid is predominantly fetal urine in later pregnancies, placental issues directly lower fluid volume.
Dehydration, high blood pressure, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes are major causes of oligohydramnios. These conditions may restrict blood flow to the placenta, which alters fluid balance.
When the amniotic sac ruptures prematurely (also called water breaking), it leads to a high fluid leak. This is among the most urgent causes of low amniotic fluid and requires immediate medical attention.
Pregnancies that are longer than 41–42 weeks will commonly show a natural decrease in amniotic fluid volume. Extended pregnancies will increase the likelihood of low amniotic fluid symptoms and may require close monitoring.
Oligohydramnios symptoms may occasionally develop because of a problem with the kidney or urinary system of the baby. Being a large part of the fluid volume, developmental abnormalities can lower production.
Low amniotic fluid levels may lead to multiple complications if not addressed:
Physicians usually identify evidence of oligohydramnios during standard ultrasound checkups. They measure the amniotic fluid index (AFI), or the largest vertical pocket of the fluid. When levels are below the expected range, it is evidence of low amniotic fluid. These tests are easy, painless and offer the most accurate method to determine fluid volume.
The treatment varies based on how low the fluid levels are, the pregnancy stage and if the baby has any complications.
Drinking more water or receiving IV fluids in some instances helps to raise fluid levels. Being hydrated is one of the easiest methods to correct a mild fluid decrease.
Physicians can recommend bed rest to enhance blood supply to the placenta and fluid levels. Monitoring in regular intervals keeps the baby safe.
In case of necessity, physicians can recommend medications or a procedure known as amnioinfusion, whereby saline is added to the amniotic sac via a catheter when delivering. It assists in cushioning the baby and alleviating complications.
If the fluid level is critically low and dangerous for the baby, early delivery can be advised based on the pregnancy stage.
Call your doctor immediately if you have:
Selecting the appropriate hospital for pregnancy is all about trust, experience and care. Cloudnine is unique in providing access to expertly experienced specialists, advanced diagnostic equipment and customised treatment plans for both low-risk and high-risk pregnancies. With high priority on safety, empathetic care and a successful delivery track record, Cloudnine makes every woman feel cared for and assured throughout her experience.
Low amniotic fluid or oligohydramnios may seem scary, but early detection and the right treatment can go a long way toward having a healthy pregnancy and childbirth. Being attuned to the signs of low amniotic fluid, adhering to regular scans and contacting your doctor every time you experience something abnormal can protect both your health and that of your baby. With proper medical care and lifestyle modifications, most women with this condition are able to have successful outcomes.
